---

name: tool-authoring description: Creating reusable tools in tools/ directory that workflows can import and use

Tool Authoring Skill

Use this skill to create reusable tools that multiple workflows can import and use.

Tool Philosophy

Tools are libraries, workflows are applications.

• Tools encapsulate reusable capabilities (API clients, data processors, formatters)
• Workflows import and orchestrate tools to solve specific problems
• Good tools are focused, well-tested, and well-documented

Tool Structure

Copytools/
  my_tool/
    __init__.py          # Package marker, exports main functions
    tool.py              # Main implementation
    config.yaml          # Tool metadata and dependencies
    README.md            # Documentation (optional)
    tests.py             # Unit tests (optional)

Creating a Tool

Copy# Create tool directory
raw create my_tool --tool -d "Brief description of what it does"

# This creates:
# - tools/my_tool/
# - tools/my_tool/__init__.py
# - tools/my_tool/tool.py
# - tools/my_tool/config.yaml

Tool config.yaml

Copyid: my_tool
name: my_tool
version: 1.0.0
description: Fetch stock prices and financial data from Yahoo Finance API
dependencies:
  - yfinance>=0.2.28
  - pandas>=2.0.0

Tool Implementation Pattern

1. Simple Function Tool

Copy# tools/my_tool/tool.py
"""Tool for fetching stock data from Yahoo Finance."""

import yfinance as yf
from typing import Any


def fetch_stock_price(symbol: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Fetch current stock price for a given symbol.

    Args:
        symbol: Stock ticker symbol (e.g., "AAPL", "TSLA")

    Returns:
        Dictionary with price, change, volume, etc.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If symbol is invalid
        ConnectionError: If API is unavailable
    """
    try:
        ticker = yf.Ticker(symbol)
        info = ticker.info

        return {
            "symbol": symbol,
            "price": info.get("currentPrice"),
            "change": info.get("regularMarketChange"),
            "change_percent": info.get("regularMarketChangePercent"),
            "volume": info.get("volume"),
            "market_cap": info.get("marketCap"),
        }
    except Exception as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Failed to fetch data for {symbol}: {e}")


def fetch_historical_data(
    symbol: str,
    period: str = "1mo"
) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
    """Fetch historical price data.

    Args:
        symbol: Stock ticker symbol
        period: Time period ("1d", "5d", "1mo", "3mo", "6mo", "1y", "2y", "5y")

    Returns:
        List of historical data points with date, open, high, low, close, volume
    """
    ticker = yf.Ticker(symbol)
    hist = ticker.history(period=period)

    return [
        {
            "date": str(date.date()),
            "open": row["Open"],
            "high": row["High"],
            "low": row["Low"],
            "close": row["Close"],
            "volume": row["Volume"],
        }
        for date, row in hist.iterrows()
    ]

2. Class-Based Tool

Copy# tools/email_sender/tool.py
"""Tool for sending emails via SMTP."""

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from typing import Any


class EmailClient:
    """SMTP email client with retry logic."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        smtp_host: str,
        smtp_port: int = 587,
        username: str | None = None,
        password: str | None = None,
    ):
        """Initialize email client.

        Args:
            smtp_host: SMTP server hostname
            smtp_port: SMTP server port (default: 587 for TLS)
            username: SMTP username (optional)
            password: SMTP password (optional)
        """
        self.smtp_host = smtp_host
        self.smtp_port = smtp_port
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def send_email(
        self,
        to: str | list[str],
        subject: str,
        body: str,
        html: bool = False,
    ) -> bool:
        """Send an email.

        Args:
            to: Recipient email(s)
            subject: Email subject
            body: Email body (text or HTML)
            html: Whether body is HTML (default: False)

        Returns:
            True if sent successfully

        Raises:
            ConnectionError: If SMTP connection fails
        """
        # Normalize to list
        recipients = [to] if isinstance(to, str) else to

        # Create message
        msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
        msg["Subject"] = subject
        msg["From"] = self.username or "noreply@example.com"
        msg["To"] = ", ".join(recipients)

        # Add body
        mime_type = "html" if html else "plain"
        msg.attach(MIMEText(body, mime_type))

        # Send via SMTP
        try:
            with smtplib.SMTP(self.smtp_host, self.smtp_port) as server:
                server.starttls()
                if self.username and self.password:
                    server.login(self.username, self.password)
                server.send_message(msg)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            raise ConnectionError(f"Failed to send email: {e}")

3. Tool with State Management

Copy# tools/cache_manager/tool.py
"""Tool for caching API responses."""

import json
import hashlib
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Any


class CacheManager:
    """Simple file-based cache with TTL."""

    def __init__(self, cache_dir: Path, ttl_seconds: int = 3600):
        """Initialize cache manager.

        Args:
            cache_dir: Directory to store cache files
            ttl_seconds: Time-to-live for cache entries (default: 1 hour)
        """
        self.cache_dir = cache_dir
        self.cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.ttl_seconds = ttl_seconds

    def _get_cache_path(self, key: str) -> Path:
        """Get cache file path for a key."""
        key_hash = hashlib.sha256(key.encode()).hexdigest()
        return self.cache_dir / f"{key_hash}.json"

    def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
        """Get cached value if not expired."""
        cache_path = self._get_cache_path(key)

        if not cache_path.exists():
            return None

        # Check expiry
        mtime = datetime.fromtimestamp(cache_path.stat().st_mtime)
        if datetime.now() - mtime > timedelta(seconds=self.ttl_seconds):
            cache_path.unlink()  # Delete expired cache
            return None

        # Load and return
        return json.loads(cache_path.read_text())

    def set(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        """Store value in cache."""
        cache_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
        cache_path.write_text(json.dumps(value))

    def clear(self) -> int:
        """Clear all cache entries."""
        count = 0
        for cache_file in self.cache_dir.glob("*.json"):
            cache_file.unlink()
            count += 1
        return count

Tool init.py Exports

Make main functions easily importable:

Copy# tools/my_tool/__init__.py
"""Yahoo Finance data fetching tool."""

from tools.my_tool.tool import fetch_stock_price, fetch_historical_data

__all__ = ["fetch_stock_price", "fetch_historical_data"]

Using Tools in Workflows

Copy# In workflow run.py
from tools.yahoo_finance import fetch_stock_price
from tools.email_sender import EmailClient
from tools.cache_manager import CacheManager

class MyWorkflow(BaseWorkflow[MyParams]):
    def run(self) -> int:
        # Use tools
        price_data = fetch_stock_price("AAPL")

        cache = CacheManager(self.workflow_dir / "cache")
        cache.set("last_price", price_data)

        email = EmailClient("smtp.example.com", username="user", password="pass")
        email.send_email("user@example.com", "Price Alert", f"Price: {price_data['price']}")

        return 0

Tool Testing

Copy# tools/my_tool/tests.py
"""Tests for my_tool."""

import pytest
from tools.my_tool import fetch_stock_price


def test_fetch_stock_price():
    """Test fetching stock price."""
    result = fetch_stock_price("AAPL")

    assert "symbol" in result
    assert result["symbol"] == "AAPL"
    assert "price" in result
    assert isinstance(result["price"], (int, float))


def test_fetch_invalid_symbol():
    """Test error handling for invalid symbol."""
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        fetch_stock_price("INVALID_SYMBOL_XYZ")

Tool Documentation

Copy# Yahoo Finance Tool

Fetch stock prices, historical data, and financial information from Yahoo Finance API.

## Installation

This tool is automatically available after running `raw init`.

## Functions

### `fetch_stock_price(symbol: str) -> dict`

Fetch current stock price and market data.

**Parameters:**
- `symbol` (str): Stock ticker symbol (e.g., "AAPL", "TSLA")

**Returns:**
Dictionary with keys: symbol, price, change, change_percent, volume, market_cap

**Example:**
```python
from tools.yahoo_finance import fetch_stock_price

data = fetch_stock_price("AAPL")
print(f"Current price: ${data['price']}")

fetch_historical_data(symbol: str, period: str = "1mo") -> list[dict]

Fetch historical price data.

Parameters:

• symbol (str): Stock ticker symbol
• period (str): Time period - "1d", "5d", "1mo", "3mo", "6mo", "1y", "2y", "5y"

Returns: List of historical data points with date, open, high, low, close, volume

Example:

Copyfrom tools.yahoo_finance import fetch_historical_data

history = fetch_historical_data("AAPL", period="1mo")
for entry in history:
    print(f"{entry['date']}: ${entry['close']}")

Copy
## Tool Design Principles

1. **Single Responsibility**: Each tool does one thing well
2. **Type Hints**: Use type hints everywhere for clarity
3. **Error Handling**: Raise specific exceptions with helpful messages
4. **Documentation**: Docstrings for all public functions
5. **No Side Effects**: Tools shouldn't modify global state
6. **Testable**: Design for easy unit testing
7. **Dependency Management**: Pin versions in config.yaml

## Common Tool Categories

- **API Clients**: Wrappers for external APIs (weather, stocks, news)
- **Data Processors**: Parsing, transformation, validation
- **File Handlers**: Reading, writing, converting file formats
- **Utilities**: Caching, retry logic, rate limiting
- **Formatters**: Output generation (PDF, HTML, markdown)

## Searchable Tool Descriptions

When creating tools, write descriptions for discoverability:

```yaml
# Good: Specific, searchable
description: Fetch real-time stock prices, historical data, and dividends from Yahoo Finance API

# Bad: Vague
description: Tool for getting stock data

Tool Versioning

Increment version when making breaking changes:

Copy# config.yaml
version: 1.0.0  # Initial release
version: 1.1.0  # Add new function (backward compatible)
version: 2.0.0  # Change function signature (breaking)

Published workflows pin tool versions for reproducibility.