---

name: create-model description: Create Prisma model layer functions. Use when adding database operations. Never call Prisma directly in routes.

Create Model

Creates model layer functions for database operations. All database access MUST go through the model layer.

When to Use

• Adding any database operations
• Creating, reading, updating, or deleting data
• User asks to "add database functions" or "create model"

Critical Rules

1. Never Call Prisma Directly in Routes

Copy// ❌ NEVER do this in routes
const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { id } });

// ✅ ALWAYS do this
import { getUserById } from '~/models/user.server';
const user = await getUserById(id);

2. Use Correct Import Paths

Copy// ✅ CORRECT
import { prisma } from '~/db.server';
import type { User, Role } from '~/generated/prisma/client';

// ❌ NEVER
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';

3. File Naming

Copyapp/models/[feature].server.ts

The .server.ts suffix ensures the code only runs on the server.

Model Layer Template

Location: app/models/[feature].server.ts

Copyimport { prisma } from '~/db.server';
import type { Item } from '~/generated/prisma/client';

// ============================================
// READ Operations
// ============================================

/**
 * Get a single item by ID
 */
export function getItem(id: string) {
    return prisma.item.findUnique({
        where: { id },
        select: {
            id: true,
            name: true,
            description: true,
            userId: true,
            createdAt: true,
            updatedAt: true,
        },
    });
}

/**
 * Get all items for a user
 */
export function getItemsByUser(userId: string) {
    return prisma.item.findMany({
        where: { userId },
        orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
    });
}

/**
 * Get items with pagination
 */
export async function getItemsPaginated(
    userId: string,
    page: number = 1,
    pageSize: number = 10
) {
    const [items, total] = await Promise.all([
        prisma.item.findMany({
            where: { userId },
            skip: (page - 1) * pageSize,
            take: pageSize,
            orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
        }),
        prisma.item.count({ where: { userId } }),
    ]);

    return {
        items,
        pagination: {
            page,
            pageSize,
            total,
            totalPages: Math.ceil(total / pageSize),
        },
    };
}

// ============================================
// CREATE Operations
// ============================================

/**
 * Create a new item
 */
export function createItem(
    userId: string,
    data: { name: string; description?: string }
) {
    return prisma.item.create({
        data: {
            ...data,
            userId,
        },
    });
}

// ============================================
// UPDATE Operations
// ============================================

/**
 * Update an existing item
 */
export function updateItem(
    id: string,
    data: Partial<{ name: string; description: string }>
) {
    return prisma.item.update({
        where: { id },
        data,
    });
}

// ============================================
// DELETE Operations
// ============================================

/**
 * Delete an item
 */
export function deleteItem(id: string) {
    return prisma.item.delete({
        where: { id },
    });
}

/**
 * Delete all items for a user
 */
export function deleteItemsByUser(userId: string) {
    return prisma.item.deleteMany({
        where: { userId },
    });
}

Common Patterns

Use select for Type Safety

Copyexport function getUser(id: string) {
    return prisma.user.findUnique({
        where: { id },
        select: {
            id: true,
            email: true,
            name: true,
            // Exclude sensitive fields like password
        },
    });
}

Include Related Data

Copyexport function getPostWithComments(id: string) {
    return prisma.post.findUnique({
        where: { id },
        include: {
            author: true,
            comments: {
                include: { author: true },
                orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
            },
        },
    });
}

Transactions

Copyexport async function transferCredits(fromId: string, toId: string, amount: number) {
    return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
        await tx.user.update({
            where: { id: fromId },
            data: { credits: { decrement: amount } },
        });

        await tx.user.update({
            where: { id: toId },
            data: { credits: { increment: amount } },
        });
    });
}

Upsert

Copyexport function upsertSettings(userId: string, data: SettingsData) {
    return prisma.settings.upsert({
        where: { userId },
        update: data,
        create: { ...data, userId },
    });
}

After Schema Changes

1. Run npx prisma migrate dev --name description
2. Run npx prisma generate
3. Restart dev server

Anti-Patterns

• ❌ Calling Prisma directly in routes
• ❌ Importing from @prisma/client
• ❌ Creating new PrismaClient instances
• ❌ N+1 queries (fetching in loops)
• ❌ Exposing sensitive data
• ❌ Missing .server.ts suffix

Templates

• Model Template

Full Reference

See .github/instructions/prisma.instructions.md for comprehensive documentation.