---

name: android-development description: Android development with Kotlin, Jetpack Compose, and modern Android architecture. Use when building Android apps, implementing Material Design, or following Android best practices.

Android Development

Comprehensive guide for building modern Android applications.

Platforms Covered

---

Jetpack Compose (Modern UI)

Basic Structure

Copy@Composable
fun MyApp() {
    MaterialTheme {
        Surface(
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
            color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.background
        ) {
            MainScreen()
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun MainScreen() {
    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }

    Column(
        modifier = Modifier
            .fillMaxSize()
            .padding(16.dp),
        horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally,
        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.Center
    ) {
        Text(
            text = "Count: $count",
            style = MaterialTheme.typography.headlineLarge
        )

        Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(16.dp))

        Button(onClick = { count++ }) {
            Text("Increment")
        }
    }
}

State Management

Copy// Local state
var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

// State hoisting
@Composable
fun StatefulCounter() {
    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
    StatelessCounter(count = count, onIncrement = { count++ })
}

@Composable
fun StatelessCounter(count: Int, onIncrement: () -> Unit) {
    Button(onClick = onIncrement) {
        Text("Count: $count")
    }
}

// ViewModel state
@HiltViewModel
class MainViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val repository: ItemRepository
) : ViewModel() {

    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow(UiState())
    val uiState: StateFlow<UiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()

    fun loadItems() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _uiState.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
            try {
                val items = repository.getItems()
                _uiState.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                _uiState.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) }
            }
        }
    }
}

// Collecting in Compose
@Composable
fun MainScreen(viewModel: MainViewModel = hiltViewModel()) {
    val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

    when {
        uiState.isLoading -> LoadingIndicator()
        uiState.error != null -> ErrorMessage(uiState.error!!)
        else -> ItemList(uiState.items)
    }
}

Navigation

Copy// Navigation setup
@Composable
fun AppNavigation() {
    val navController = rememberNavController()

    NavHost(navController = navController, startDestination = "home") {
        composable("home") {
            HomeScreen(
                onNavigateToDetail = { id ->
                    navController.navigate("detail/$id")
                }
            )
        }
        composable(
            route = "detail/{itemId}",
            arguments = listOf(navArgument("itemId") { type = NavType.StringType })
        ) { backStackEntry ->
            val itemId = backStackEntry.arguments?.getString("itemId")
            DetailScreen(itemId = itemId)
        }
    }
}

// Type-safe navigation (recommended)
@Serializable
data class DetailRoute(val itemId: String)

navController.navigate(DetailRoute(itemId = "123"))

Lists

Copy@Composable
fun ItemList(items: List<Item>) {
    LazyColumn(
        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
        contentPadding = PaddingValues(16.dp),
        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)
    ) {
        items(
            items = items,
            key = { it.id }
        ) { item ->
            ItemCard(item = item)
        }
    }
}

// Pull to refresh
@OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)
@Composable
fun RefreshableList(
    items: List<Item>,
    isRefreshing: Boolean,
    onRefresh: () -> Unit
) {
    val pullRefreshState = rememberPullToRefreshState()

    PullToRefreshBox(
        isRefreshing = isRefreshing,
        onRefresh = onRefresh,
        state = pullRefreshState
    ) {
        LazyColumn { /* content */ }
    }
}

---

Modern Android Architecture

Clean Architecture Layers

Copyapp/
├── data/
│   ├── local/
│   │   ├── AppDatabase.kt
│   │   └── ItemDao.kt
│   ├── remote/
│   │   ├── ApiService.kt
│   │   └── ItemDto.kt
│   └── repository/
│       └── ItemRepositoryImpl.kt
├── domain/
│   ├── model/
│   │   └── Item.kt
│   ├── repository/
│   │   └── ItemRepository.kt
│   └── usecase/
│       └── GetItemsUseCase.kt
├── presentation/
│   ├── home/
│   │   ├── HomeScreen.kt
│   │   └── HomeViewModel.kt
│   └── navigation/
│       └── AppNavigation.kt
└── di/
    └── AppModule.kt

Dependency Injection (Hilt)

Copy@HiltAndroidApp
class MyApplication : Application()

@Module
@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
object AppModule {

    @Provides
    @Singleton
    fun provideDatabase(@ApplicationContext context: Context): AppDatabase {
        return Room.databaseBuilder(
            context,
            AppDatabase::class.java,
            "app_database"
        ).build()
    }

    @Provides
    @Singleton
    fun provideApiService(): ApiService {
        return Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.example.com/")
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
            .build()
            .create(ApiService::class.java)
    }

    @Provides
    @Singleton
    fun provideItemRepository(
        apiService: ApiService,
        database: AppDatabase
    ): ItemRepository {
        return ItemRepositoryImpl(apiService, database.itemDao())
    }
}

---

Data Layer

Room Database

Copy@Entity(tableName = "items")
data class ItemEntity(
    @PrimaryKey val id: String,
    val name: String,
    val createdAt: Long
)

@Dao
interface ItemDao {
    @Query("SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY createdAt DESC")
    fun getItems(): Flow<List<ItemEntity>>

    @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
    suspend fun insertItems(items: List<ItemEntity>)

    @Delete
    suspend fun deleteItem(item: ItemEntity)
}

@Database(entities = [ItemEntity::class], version = 1)
abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun itemDao(): ItemDao
}

Retrofit API

Copyinterface ApiService {
    @GET("items")
    suspend fun getItems(): List<ItemDto>

    @POST("items")
    suspend fun createItem(@Body item: CreateItemRequest): ItemDto

    @DELETE("items/{id}")
    suspend fun deleteItem(@Path("id") id: String)
}

data class ItemDto(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
    @SerializedName("created_at") val createdAt: String
)

Repository Pattern

Copyinterface ItemRepository {
    fun getItems(): Flow<List<Item>>
    suspend fun refreshItems()
    suspend fun deleteItem(id: String)
}

class ItemRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor(
    private val apiService: ApiService,
    private val itemDao: ItemDao
) : ItemRepository {

    override fun getItems(): Flow<List<Item>> {
        return itemDao.getItems().map { entities ->
            entities.map { it.toDomain() }
        }
    }

    override suspend fun refreshItems() {
        val items = apiService.getItems()
        itemDao.insertItems(items.map { it.toEntity() })
    }
}

---

Material Design 3

Theme Setup

Copy@Composable
fun MyAppTheme(
    darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
    dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val colorScheme = when {
        dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
            val context = LocalContext.current
            if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(context)
            else dynamicLightColorScheme(context)
        }
        darkTheme -> DarkColorScheme
        else -> LightColorScheme
    }

    MaterialTheme(
        colorScheme = colorScheme,
        typography = Typography,
        content = content
    )
}

Common Components

Copy// Top App Bar
@OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)
@Composable
fun MyTopBar(
    title: String,
    onBackClick: () -> Unit
) {
    TopAppBar(
        title = { Text(title) },
        navigationIcon = {
            IconButton(onClick = onBackClick) {
                Icon(Icons.Default.ArrowBack, contentDescription = "Back")
            }
        },
        actions = {
            IconButton(onClick = { /* menu */ }) {
                Icon(Icons.Default.MoreVert, contentDescription = "Menu")
            }
        }
    )
}

// Bottom Navigation
@Composable
fun MyBottomBar(
    selectedTab: Int,
    onTabSelected: (Int) -> Unit
) {
    NavigationBar {
        NavigationBarItem(
            icon = { Icon(Icons.Default.Home, contentDescription = null) },
            label = { Text("Home") },
            selected = selectedTab == 0,
            onClick = { onTabSelected(0) }
        )
        NavigationBarItem(
            icon = { Icon(Icons.Default.Settings, contentDescription = null) },
            label = { Text("Settings") },
            selected = selectedTab == 1,
            onClick = { onTabSelected(1) }
        )
    }
}

---

Platform-Specific

Android TV

Copy// Focus management
@Composable
fun TvButton(
    onClick: () -> Unit,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    var isFocused by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

    Box(
        modifier = Modifier
            .onFocusChanged { isFocused = it.isFocused }
            .focusable()
            .clickable(onClick = onClick)
            .background(
                if (isFocused) MaterialTheme.colorScheme.primary
                else MaterialTheme.colorScheme.surface
            )
    ) {
        content()
    }
}

Wear OS

Copy@Composable
fun WearApp() {
    MaterialTheme {
        ScalingLazyColumn(
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
            anchorType = ScalingLazyListAnchorType.ItemCenter
        ) {
            item { TimeText() }
            item {
                Chip(
                    onClick = { },
                    label = { Text("Action") }
                )
            }
        }
    }
}

---

Testing

Unit Tests

Copy@Test
fun `getItems returns mapped domain objects`() = runTest {
    val repository = ItemRepositoryImpl(
        apiService = FakeApiService(),
        itemDao = FakeItemDao()
    )

    val items = repository.getItems().first()

    assertEquals(2, items.size)
    assertEquals("Item 1", items[0].name)
}

Compose UI Tests

Copy@HiltAndroidTest
class MainScreenTest {
    @get:Rule
    val composeTestRule = createAndroidComposeRule<MainActivity>()

    @Test
    fun displayItems_whenLoaded() {
        composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Item 1").assertIsDisplayed()
        composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Item 2").assertIsDisplayed()
    }

    @Test
    fun navigateToDetail_onItemClick() {
        composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Item 1").performClick()
        composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Item Details").assertIsDisplayed()
    }
}

---

Play Store Requirements

Required

• Privacy policy
• App icon (512x512)
• Feature graphic (1024x500)
• Screenshots (min 2)
• Target API 34+

App Bundle

Copyandroid {
    bundle {
        language {
            enableSplit = true
        }
        density {
            enableSplit = true
        }
        abi {
            enableSplit = true
        }
    }
}

---

Best Practices

DO:

• Use Kotlin Coroutines and Flow
• Follow unidirectional data flow
• Use Jetpack Compose for new UI
• Implement proper lifecycle handling
• Support multiple screen sizes

DON'T:

• Block main thread
• Leak contexts
• Hardcode dimensions
• Ignore process death
• Skip ProGuard rules