---

name: "styling-patterns" description: "Tailwind CSS styling with CVA variants, data-slots, layout patterns, and z-index management"

Styling Patterns Skill

Quick Start

1. Always start with #ui_code_tools scaffold for proper cva and data-slot setup
2. Use Tailwind utilities - NO inline styles unless no Tailwind equivalent exists
3. Merge classes with cn() helper (clsx + tailwind-merge)

Core Pattern: cva + cn

Copyimport { cva } from "class-variance-authority";
import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";

const buttonVariants = cva(
  // Base styles
  "inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md font-medium transition-colors",
  {
    variants: {
      variant: {
        primary: [
          "bg-fg-brand-primary text-text-neutral-white",
          "border border-transparent",
          "hover:bg-fg-brand-secondary",
          "disabled:border-border-neutral-disabled_subtle disabled:text-text-neutral-quinary-disabled disabled:bg-fg-neutral-disabled",
        ],
        secondary: "bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground hover:bg-secondary/80",
      },
      size: {
        default: "h-10 px-4 py-2",
        sm: "h-9 px-3 text-sm",
        lg: "h-11 px-8",
      }
    },
    defaultVariants: {
      variant: "primary",
      size: "default",
    }
  }
);

export function Button({ className, variant, size, ...props }) {
  return (
    <button
      className={cn(buttonVariants({ variant, size }), className)}
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

State & Variant Organization

Group related state classes together:

Copyprimary: [
  "bg-fg-brand-primary text-text-neutral-white",
  "border border-transparent",
  "hover:bg-fg-brand-secondary",
  "disabled:border disabled:border-border-neutral-disabled_subtle disabled:text-text-neutral-quinary-disabled disabled:bg-fg-neutral-disabled",
],

• Prefer variant props over boolean props
• Add new cva variants instead of JSX branching
• Keep arrays small - extract helpers if state logic gets complex

Data Slots for Overrides

Expose data-slot attributes for targeted styling:

Copy<div data-slot="table-wrapper">
  <table data-slot="table">
    <thead data-slot="thead">
      {/* ... */}
    </thead>
  </table>
</div>

Allow consumers to override specific parts:

Copy// Parent can now do:
<Table className="[&_*[data-slot='thead']]:bg-red-500" />

Layout Best Practices

Spacing

• Use gap over manual margins between siblings:

  Copy// Good
  <div className="flex gap-4">
    <Item />
    <Item />
  </div>
  
  // Avoid
  <div className="flex">
    <Item className="mr-4" />
    <Item />
  </div>
  

Padding & Alignment

• Use consistent padding scales: px-3, py-2.5
• Keep typography on grid with standard scales

Heights for Scroll Containers

• Use Tailwind calc with CSS variables
• Use useMeasureVariable hook for auto-calculated heights
• Avoid inline style={{ height: ... }}

Copyconst containerRef = useMeasureVariable("container-height");

<div
  ref={containerRef}
  className="h-[calc(100vh-var(--container-height))] overflow-auto"
>
  {/* scrollable content */}
</div>

Z-Index Scale

Respect the existing z-index scale to avoid conflicts:

Copy// tailwind.config.js
zIndex: {
  dropdown: "100",
  sticky: "200",
  popover: "300",
  tooltip: "400",
  modal: "500",
  notification: "600",
}

Conditional Classes

Copy// With cva (preferred)
const cardVariants = cva("rounded-lg", {
  variants: {
    elevated: {
      true: "shadow-lg",
      false: "border",
    }
  }
});

// Outside cva
className={cn([
  "base-classes",
  condition && "conditional-classes",
  anotherCondition ? "yes-classes" : "no-classes"
])}

Key Rules

1. Tailwind first - only use inline styles when necessary
2. Define variants in cva - avoid branching in JSX
3. Use cn() to merge - handles conflicts automatically
4. Provide data-slots - for targeted overrides
5. Favor flex/grid + gap - over manual spacing
6. Keep class arrays readable - split long lists across lines
7. Follow existing patterns - check similar components first