---

name: ml-frameworks description: ML framework best practices for PyTorch, TensorFlow, scikit-learn, and modern ML libraries including training patterns and optimization.

ML Frameworks

Best practices for popular ML frameworks.

PyTorch

Copyimport torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader

# Custom Dataset
class CustomDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, X, y, transform=None):
        self.X = torch.FloatTensor(X)
        self.y = torch.LongTensor(y)
        self.transform = transform

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.y)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        x = self.X[idx]
        if self.transform:
            x = self.transform(x)
        return x, self.y[idx]

# Model Definition
class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_dim, hidden_dim, output_dim):
        super().__init__()
        self.net = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_dim, hidden_dim),
            nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dropout(0.2),
            nn.Linear(hidden_dim, output_dim)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.net(x)

# Training Loop
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model = Net(100, 256, 10).to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.01)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=100)
scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler()  # Mixed precision

for epoch in range(100):
    model.train()
    for batch in train_loader:
        x, y = batch[0].to(device), batch[1].to(device)
        with torch.cuda.amp.autocast():
            output = model(x)
            loss = F.cross_entropy(output, y)
        scaler.scale(loss).backward()
        scaler.step(optimizer)
        scaler.update()
        optimizer.zero_grad()
    scheduler.step()

TensorFlow/Keras

Copyimport tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras

# Model Definition
model = keras.Sequential([
    keras.layers.Dense(256, activation='relu', input_shape=(100,)),
    keras.layers.BatchNormalization(),
    keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
    keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(
    optimizer=keras.optimizers.AdamW(learning_rate=1e-3),
    loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
    metrics=['accuracy']
)

# Callbacks
callbacks = [
    keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(patience=10, restore_best_weights=True),
    keras.callbacks.ReduceLROnPlateau(factor=0.5, patience=5),
    keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint('best_model.h5', save_best_only=True),
    keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir='./logs')
]

# Training
history = model.fit(
    X_train, y_train,
    validation_data=(X_val, y_val),
    epochs=100,
    batch_size=32,
    callbacks=callbacks
)

Scikit-learn

Copyfrom sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier

# Preprocessing Pipeline
numeric_features = ['age', 'income']
categorical_features = ['city', 'occupation']

preprocessor = ColumnTransformer(
    transformers=[
        ('num', StandardScaler(), numeric_features),
        ('cat', OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'), categorical_features)
    ]
)

# Full Pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('preprocessor', preprocessor),
    ('classifier', GradientBoostingClassifier())
])

# Grid Search
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV

param_grid = {
    'classifier__n_estimators': [100, 200],
    'classifier__max_depth': [3, 5, 7],
    'classifier__learning_rate': [0.01, 0.1]
}

grid_search = GridSearchCV(pipeline, param_grid, cv=5, scoring='f1_macro')
grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train)

Hugging Face Transformers

Copyfrom transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
from transformers import Trainer, TrainingArguments

model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
    "bert-base-uncased", num_labels=2
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")

training_args = TrainingArguments(
    output_dir="./results",
    num_train_epochs=3,
    per_device_train_batch_size=16,
    per_device_eval_batch_size=64,
    warmup_steps=500,
    weight_decay=0.01,
    evaluation_strategy="epoch",
    fp16=True
)

trainer = Trainer(
    model=model,
    args=training_args,
    train_dataset=train_dataset,
    eval_dataset=eval_dataset
)

trainer.train()

Commands

• /omgtrain:train - Train model

Best Practices

1. Use mixed precision training
2. Implement proper data loading
3. Use learning rate scheduling
4. Enable gradient clipping
5. Save checkpoints regularly