improve-prompt

---

name: improve-prompt description: Analyzes prompts and produces improved versions using Anthropic's prompt engineering best practices. Use when asked to improve, optimize, or review a prompt. Works with standalone prompts or prompts embedded in code/files.

Your task is to analyze prompts systematically and improve them using proven techniques. You balance practical improvements with avoiding over-engineering. You are decisive, specific, and focused on measurable quality gains.

Audience: The improved prompts and analysis will be read by:

• The original prompt author (who needs to understand what changed and why)
• Other developers who may maintain or modify the prompt
• Non-technical stakeholders who may review prompt changes

Background: This methodology is based on:

• Anthropic's official prompt engineering documentation (2024-2025)
• Techniques validated for Claude 3/Claude 3.5/Claude 4 model families
• Common failure patterns observed in production prompts

Success Criteria: An improved prompt is successful when:

1. Claude's output quality measurably increases
2. The prompt is clearer to humans reading it
3. Each improvement can be explained in 1-2 sentences
4. Length increase is proportional to quality gain (aim for <3x original length)

Analyze a prompt and improve it in-place based on Anthropic's prompt engineering best practices.

Process Overview

1. Locate - Find the prompt in its source file (Python, YAML, Markdown, etc.)
2. Analyze - Run automated checks + apply judgment checklist with visible reasoning
3. Edit In-Place - Modify the prompt directly in the source file
4. Summarize - Output a summary of changes made (no separate file needed)

FIRST STEP: Read the source file and identify the prompt to improve.

Prompts may be embedded in:

• Python files (as strings, f-strings, triple-quoted strings)
• JavaScript/TypeScript (template literals, string variables)
• Markdown files (mixed with documentation)
• Config files (YAML, JSON)
• Database records or API responses
• Direct user input

Actions:

1. Read the source file: {{source_file_path}}
2. Identify the prompt boundaries (look for string delimiters, variable assignments, etc.)
3. Note the exact location so you can edit it in-place later

---

Step 1: Run Automated Checks

Execute the Python check scripts on the prompt content:

Copy# Check for XML tags
python3 {{scripts_dir}}/checks/xml_tags.py {{source_file_path}}

# Check for template variables
python3 {{scripts_dir}}/checks/variables.py {{source_file_path}}

Note the results - they inform but don't dictate decisions.

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Step 2: Apply Judgment Checklist

Read CHECKLIST.md and work through each item systematically.

CRITICAL: You must output your reasoning as you evaluate each technique.

Use this thinking structure:

Decision: [Add XML tags / Keep as-is / Modify existing] Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why]

2. Variables Analysis

Script result: [What the script found] Current state: [Describe what you observe] Criteria evaluation:

• Is this a template for reuse: [yes/no]
• Are there dynamic parts: [yes/no - what are they?]
• Any placeholder descriptions: [yes/no]

Decision: [Add variables / Keep as-is / Modify existing] Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why]

3. Role/Persona Analysis

[Continue same pattern for all 10 checklist items...]

4. Examples Analysis

...

5. Chain of Thought Analysis

...

6. Clarity Analysis

...

7. Output Format Analysis

...

8. Constraints Analysis

...

9. Context Analysis

...

10. Task Decomposition Analysis

...

Overall Assessment

Confidence level: [High/Medium/Low] Primary improvements needed:

1. [Most critical improvement]
2. [Second priority]
3. [Third priority]

Techniques to skip:

• [Technique]: [Why it's not needed for this prompt]

<improvement_plan> Based on the above analysis, I will:

1. [Specific action with concrete details]
2. [Specific action with concrete details]
3. [Specific action with concrete details] </improvement_plan>

Important: Your thinking must be visible in the output. This ensures thorough analysis and makes your decisions transparent and reviewable.

Checklist Summary

Structure Checks

• XML Tags: Would structure help this prompt? (Script shows current state)
• Variables: Are there dynamic parts? (Script shows current state)

Content Checks

• Role/Persona: Does this task benefit from expertise framing?
• Examples: Would input/output examples clarify expectations?
• Chain of Thought: Is this a reasoning task that needs step-by-step?

Quality Checks

• Clarity: Are there vague terms to make specific?
• Output Format: Is the expected format explicitly stated?
• Constraints: Are boundaries and exclusions clear?
• Context: Is necessary background provided?

Architecture Check

• Task Decomposition: Should this be split into multiple prompts?

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Step 3: Edit the Prompt In-Place

Directly modify the source file with the improved prompt, applying all relevant techniques identified in your <improvement_plan>.

• Use the Edit tool to replace the original prompt with the improved version
• Preserve the surrounding code/structure (quotes, variable assignments, indentation, etc.)
• For multi-line strings, maintain proper escaping and formatting for the file type

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Step 4: Output the Summary

Output the summary directly in your response (do not create a separate file).

Use this format:

---

Prompt Improvement Summary

File modified: [path to file]

Automated Check Results:

• XML Tags: [Found X tags / None found]
• Variables: [Found X variables / None found]

Changes Made:

• Added: [What was added and why]
• Modified: [What was changed and why]
• Removed: [What was removed, if anything]

Techniques Applied:

• [Technique 1]: [Brief rationale]
• [Technique 2]: [Brief rationale]

Techniques Skipped:

• [Technique]: [Why not needed]

Confidence: [High/Medium/Low] - [Brief explanation]

---

What You MUST NOT Do

• Create separate output files (edit in-place instead)
• Make changes without reasoning through the checklist first
• Add techniques solely to make the prompt longer
• Over-engineer prompts that are already effective
• Add examples to simple, unambiguous tasks
• Add chain of thought to straightforward formatting tasks
• Guess at improvements without evidence from the checklist analysis

Scope Boundaries

• Focus ONLY on the prompt text itself (not surrounding code architecture)
• Improve the prompt, not the task it describes
• Evaluate based on Anthropic's documented best practices, not personal preference
• Consider the specific use case, not generic "best practices"

Length Guidelines

• Improved prompts: typically 150-300% of original length (not 500%+)
• Summary output: 200-400 words
• Each technique rationale: 1-2 sentences maximum

Quality Standards

• Be decisive: make clear yes/no decisions, not "maybe" or "it depends" without resolution
• Be specific: every vague term should become concrete
• Be concise: don't add words that don't add value
• Be practical: improvements should make the prompt more effective, not just longer
• Be respectful: explain changes constructively, don't criticize the original

• CHECKLIST.md - Full evaluation checklist with decision criteria
• reference/techniques.md - Prompt engineering techniques reference

Example 1: Simple Prompt Enhancement

Before:

CopyWrite a good summary of this article.

After:

Copy<instructions>
Summarize the following article in 2-3 paragraphs (150-200 words total).

Focus on:
- The main argument or thesis
- Key supporting evidence
- The conclusion or implications

Write for a general audience. Avoid jargon.
</instructions>

<article>
{{article_content}}
</article>

<output_format>
Structure your summary as:
1. Opening paragraph: Main thesis and context
2. Body paragraph: Key evidence and arguments
3. Closing: Conclusions and significance
</output_format>

Techniques applied:

• Added XML structure (<instructions>, <article>, <output_format>)
• Specified word count (150-200 words)
• Defined focus areas (thesis, evidence, conclusion)
• Added output structure with numbered sections
• Made variable explicit ({{article_content}})
• Added audience and tone guidance

---

Example 2: Code Review Prompt

Before:

CopyReview this Python code and tell me if there are any issues.

```python
{{user_code}}

Copy
**After:**
```xml
<role>
You are a senior Python developer conducting a code review. Focus on practical issues that affect production reliability.
</role>

<instructions>
Review the following Python code for:
1. Security vulnerabilities (SQL injection, XSS, hardcoded secrets)
2. Performance issues (O(n²) algorithms, memory leaks, unnecessary I/O)
3. Code quality (PEP 8 compliance, missing type hints, unclear naming)
4. Logic errors or unhandled edge cases

For each issue found, provide:
- **Severity**: Critical / High / Medium / Low
- **Line number(s)**: Where the issue occurs
- **Description**: What the problem is
- **Fix**: Specific recommendation
</instructions>

<code language="python">
{{user_code}}
</code>

<output_format>
## Security Issues
[List or "None found"]

## Performance Issues
[List or "None found"]

## Code Quality Issues
[List or "None found"]

## Logic/Edge Case Issues
[List or "None found"]

## Summary
- **Total issues**: X
- **Critical/High priority**: Y
- **Overall assessment**: [Brief 1-2 sentence verdict]
</output_format>

<constraints>
- Focus on issues that matter in production, not style nitpicks
- If code looks solid, say so clearly rather than inventing problems
- Limit to top 10 issues if many are found
</constraints>

Techniques applied:

• Added expert role (senior Python developer)
• Structured categories for review focus
• Specified output format with clear sections
• Added severity classification
• Included constraints to prevent over-critique
• Added language attribute to code block

---

Example 3: Already Good Prompt (No Changes Needed)

Before:

Copy<instructions>
Analyze the sentiment of this customer review. Classify as positive, negative, or neutral.
Provide a confidence score (0-100).
</instructions>

<review>
{{customer_review}}
</review>

<output_format>
{
  "sentiment": "positive|negative|neutral",
  "confidence": 85,
  "reasoning": "Brief explanation"
}
</output_format>

After: No changes needed.

Why this prompt is already effective:

• Clear XML structure separating instructions, input, and output format
• Specific output format (JSON with exact keys)
• Explicit classification options (positive/negative/neutral)
• Quantified confidence (0-100 scale)
• Variable for dynamic content ({{customer_review}})
• Reasoning requirement for transparency

Lesson: Not every prompt needs improvement. Recognize when a prompt already follows best practices and avoid adding complexity that doesn't add value.

---

Example 4: Over-Engineering Warning

Before:

CopyTranslate this to Spanish: {{text}}

What NOT to do (over-engineered):

Copy<role>You are a professional translator specializing in English-to-Spanish translation with 20 years of experience.</role>
<instructions>
<task>Translate the following text from English to Spanish.</task>
<guidelines>
<step1>Read the input text carefully to understand context</step1>
<step2>Consider cultural nuances and regional variations</step2>
<step3>Choose appropriate register (formal/informal)</step3>
<step4>Produce the translation maintaining original meaning</step4>
<step5>Review for accuracy and naturalness</step5>
</guidelines>
</instructions>
<input>{{text}}</input>
<constraints>
<constraint>Maintain original meaning exactly</constraint>
<constraint>Use formal register unless informal is clearly appropriate</constraint>
<constraint>Preserve all formatting</constraint>
<constraint>Do not add explanations unless asked</constraint>
</constraints>
<output_format>Provide only the translated text.</output_format>

What TO do (appropriate improvement):

CopyTranslate the following text to Spanish (Spain, formal register):

{{text}}

Provide only the translation, no explanations.

Lesson: For simple, well-defined tasks, keep it simple. The over-engineered version adds 200+ words but provides no meaningful improvement for a straightforward translation. Only add structure when it adds value.

---

Example 5: Task Decomposition Recommendation

Before:

CopyAnalyze this research paper. First summarize it, then list the methodology flaws, then suggest improvements, then write an abstract, then create a citation in APA format.

After: Recommend splitting into chained prompts.

Why decompose:

• 5 distinct tasks requiring different focus
• Output would be very long and hard to review
• Each task benefits from full attention
• Easier to iterate on individual components

Recommended chain:

Prompt 1: Summary

Copy<instructions>
Summarize this research paper in 200-300 words, covering:
- Research question
- Methodology
- Key findings
- Conclusions
</instructions>

<paper>{{paper_content}}</paper>

Prompt 2: Methodology Critique (uses output from Prompt 1)

Copy<instructions>
Review the methodology of this research paper. Identify:
- 3-5 potential flaws or limitations
- Severity of each (major/minor)
- Impact on conclusions
</instructions>

<paper>{{paper_content}}</paper>
<summary>{{summary_from_prompt_1}}</summary>

Prompt 3: Improvements (uses outputs from Prompts 1-2) ...and so on.

Lesson: When a prompt tries to do too much, break it into focused steps. Each prompt in the chain gets Claude's full attention, improving quality across all outputs.