---

name: security-scan description: Python 프로젝트 보안 취약점 스캔 및 보안 강화 가이드 version: 1.0.0 tags:

• python
• security
• vulnerability
• scanning
• SAST author: deep-research-MAF

---

Security Scan Skill

Overview

Python 프로젝트의 보안 취약점 검사, 민감 정보 탐지, 보안 모범 사례 적용 가이드

Security Scanning Tools

1. Bandit (SAST)

Python 코드 보안 취약점 정적 분석

설치

Copyuv add --dev bandit

# 또는 uvx로 직접 실행 (설치 없이)
uvx bandit -r backend/src

기본 사용법

Copy# 전체 프로젝트 스캔
bandit -r backend/src

# 심각도 레벨 설정 (low, medium, high)
bandit -r backend/src -ll

# 결과를 JSON으로 저장
bandit -r backend/src -f json -o security-report.json

# 특정 테스트만 실행
bandit -r backend/src -t B201,B301

# 특정 테스트 제외
bandit -r backend/src -s B101

Configuration (.bandit)

Copy# .bandit
exclude_dirs:
  - /tests
  - /venv
  - /.venv

tests:
  - B201  # Flask debug mode
  - B301  # Pickle usage
  - B302  # Marshal usage
  - B303  # MD5/SHA1 usage
  - B304  # Insecure cipher
  - B305  # Insecure cipher mode
  - B306  # Insecure mktemp usage
  - B307  # eval usage
  - B308  # mark_safe usage
  - B309  # HTTPSConnection
  - B310  # URL open
  - B311  # Random usage
  - B312  # Telnet usage
  - B313  # XML vulnerabilities
  - B314  - B320  # XML vulnerabilities
  - B321  # FTP usage
  - B323  # Unverified context
  - B324  # Insecure hash
  - B401  - B413  # Import checks
  - B501  - B509  # Certificate/SSL checks
  - B601  - B612  # Shell injection
  - B701  # Jinja2 autoescape

2. Safety

의존성 패키지 취약점 검사

Copyuv add --dev safety

# 설치된 패키지 검사
safety check

# requirements.txt 검사
safety check -r requirements.txt

# JSON 출력
safety check --json

# 전체 보고서
safety check --full-report

3. Pip-audit

PyPI 패키지 보안 감사

Copyuv add --dev pip-audit

# 현재 환경 검사
pip-audit

# requirements.txt 검사
pip-audit -r requirements.txt

# 취약점 자동 수정
pip-audit --fix

# JSON 형식 출력
pip-audit --format json

4. Semgrep

고급 정적 분석 (SAST)

Copy# Docker로 실행
docker run -v $(pwd):/src returntocorp/semgrep semgrep --config=auto /src

# 또는 설치
uv add --dev semgrep

# Python 보안 규칙으로 스캔
semgrep --config=p/python backend/src

# OWASP Top 10 체크
semgrep --config=p/owasp-top-ten backend/src

# 커스텀 규칙
semgrep --config=.semgrep.yml backend/src

5. Trivy

컨테이너 이미지 및 파일시스템 스캔

Copy# 설치 (macOS)
brew install aquasecurity/trivy/trivy

# 파일시스템 스캔
trivy fs backend/

# requirements.txt 스캔
trivy fs --scanners vuln requirements.txt

# Docker 이미지 스캔
trivy image your-image:tag

# 심각도 필터
trivy fs --severity HIGH,CRITICAL backend/

Common Security Issues

1. Hardcoded Secrets

❌ Bad

CopyAPI_KEY = "sk-1234567890abcdef"
DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@localhost/db"

✅ Good

Copyimport os
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

API_KEY = os.getenv("API_KEY")
DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")

if not API_KEY:
    raise ValueError("API_KEY environment variable is required")

Detection

Copy# Detect-secrets
uv add --dev detect-secrets
detect-secrets scan > .secrets.baseline
detect-secrets audit .secrets.baseline

# TruffleHog
docker run -it -v "$PWD:/pwd" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest filesystem /pwd

2. SQL Injection

❌ Bad

Copydef get_user(user_id):
    query = f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = {user_id}"
    cursor.execute(query)

✅ Good

Copydef get_user(user_id: int):
    query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = %s"
    cursor.execute(query, (user_id,))

3. Command Injection

❌ Bad

Copyimport os
os.system(f"ls {user_input}")

✅ Good

Copyimport subprocess
subprocess.run(["ls", user_input], check=True, capture_output=True)

4. Insecure Deserialization

❌ Bad

Copyimport pickle
data = pickle.loads(untrusted_data)

✅ Good

Copyimport json
data = json.loads(trusted_data)

5. Weak Cryptography

❌ Bad

Copyimport hashlib
hashlib.md5(password.encode()).hexdigest()

✅ Good

Copyimport bcrypt
hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt())

Security Best Practices

1. Environment Variables

Copy# .env (never commit to git)
AZURE_OPENAI_KEY=your-key-here
BING_API_KEY=your-key-here

# .gitignore
.env
.env.local
*.key
*.pem

2. Input Validation

Copyfrom pydantic import BaseModel, validator, Field

class Query(BaseModel):
    text: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=1000)
    
    @validator('text')
    def validate_text(cls, v):
        # Sanitize input
        if '<script>' in v.lower():
            raise ValueError('Invalid characters detected')
        return v.strip()

3. Rate Limiting

Copyfrom slowapi import Limiter
from slowapi.util import get_remote_address

limiter = Limiter(key_func=get_remote_address)

@app.post("/api/query")
@limiter.limit("10/minute")
async def query_endpoint(request: Request):
    pass

4. CORS Configuration

Copyfrom fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware

app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["https://your-domain.com"],  # Not "*"
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["GET", "POST"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)

5. Security Headers

Copyfrom fastapi.middleware.trustedhost import TrustedHostMiddleware
from starlette.middleware.httpsredirect import HTTPSRedirectMiddleware

# HTTPS redirect
app.add_middleware(HTTPSRedirectMiddleware)

# Trusted hosts
app.add_middleware(
    TrustedHostMiddleware,
    allowed_hosts=["example.com", "*.example.com"]
)

# Custom security headers
@app.middleware("http")
async def add_security_headers(request, call_next):
    response = await call_next(request)
    response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] = "nosniff"
    response.headers["X-Frame-Options"] = "DENY"
    response.headers["X-XSS-Protection"] = "1; mode=block"
    response.headers["Strict-Transport-Security"] = "max-age=31536000"
    return response

Security Scanning Workflow

1. Pre-commit Hooks

Copy# .pre-commit-config.yaml
repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
    rev: '1.7.5'
    hooks:
      - id: bandit
        args: ['-r', 'backend/src']

  - repo: https://github.com/Yelp/detect-secrets
    rev: v1.4.0
    hooks:
      - id: detect-secrets
        args: ['--baseline', '.secrets.baseline']

2. CI/CD Pipeline

Copy# .github/workflows/security.yml
name: Security Scan

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  security:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      
      - name: Install UV
        run: pip install uv
      
      - name: Run Bandit
        run: |
          uv add --dev bandit
          bandit -r backend/src -f json -o bandit-report.json
      
      - name: Run Safety
        run: |
          uv add --dev safety
          safety check --json
      
      - name: Run Trivy
        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
        with:
          scan-type: 'fs'
          scan-ref: '.'
          severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
      
      - name: Upload reports
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: security-reports
          path: |
            bandit-report.json
            trivy-report.json

3. Regular Scans

Copy#!/bin/bash
# security-scan.sh

echo "🔍 Running security scans..."

echo "📦 Checking dependencies..."
pip-audit

echo "🔐 Scanning code..."
bandit -r backend/src -ll

echo "🕵️ Detecting secrets..."
detect-secrets scan --baseline .secrets.baseline

echo "📊 Trivy scan..."
trivy fs --severity HIGH,CRITICAL .

echo "✅ Security scan complete!"

Vulnerability Management

1. Severity Levels

• CRITICAL: Immediate action required
• HIGH: Fix within 7 days
• MEDIUM: Fix within 30 days
• LOW: Fix when convenient

2. Response Process

1. Identify: Run security scans
2. Assess: Determine impact and severity
3. Fix: Update dependencies or patch code
4. Verify: Re-scan to confirm fix
5. Document: Record in security log

3. Security Checklist

• No hardcoded secrets in code
• All dependencies up to date
• No known vulnerabilities in dependencies
• Input validation on all endpoints
• Rate limiting enabled
• HTTPS enforced
• Security headers configured
• Logging and monitoring enabled
• Regular security scans scheduled
• .env files in .gitignore

Quick Commands

Copy# Complete security scan
bandit -r backend/src -ll
safety check
pip-audit
detect-secrets scan

# Fix vulnerabilities
pip-audit --fix
safety check --json | safety review

# Generate reports
bandit -r backend/src -f json -o security-report.json
trivy fs --format json --output trivy-report.json .

References

• OWASP Top 10
• Python Security Best Practices
• CWE Top 25
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework