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n8n
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Offshore asset lifecycle: ASCII data → strength, fatigue, FFS, hydrodynamics
⭐ 6🍴 0📅 2026年1月24日
Manusで実行SKILL.md
name: n8n version: 1.0.0 description: Open-source workflow automation platform with visual node-based editor, 400+ integrations, webhooks, and self-hosted deployment capabilities author: workspace-hub category: automation type: skill capabilities:
- visual_workflow_builder
- webhook_triggers
- scheduled_execution
- api_integrations
- custom_nodes
- credentials_management
- workflow_templates
- error_handling
- data_transformation
- conditional_logic tools:
- n8n-cli
- docker
- npm
- node tags: [n8n, workflow, automation, integrations, webhooks, low-code, self-hosted, etl, data-pipeline] platforms: [linux, macos, windows, docker, kubernetes] related_skills:
- yaml-configuration
- api-integration
- github-actions
- activepieces
- windmill
n8n Workflow Automation Skill
Master n8n for visual workflow automation, API integrations, and self-hosted automation pipelines. This skill covers workflow design, node configuration, triggers, credentials management, custom nodes, and production deployment patterns.
When to Use This Skill
USE when:
- Building integrations between 400+ services (Slack, Gmail, Notion, Airtable, etc.)
- Creating visual workflows accessible to non-developers
- Self-hosting is required for data sovereignty and compliance
- Need webhook-triggered automations with real-time processing
- Building internal tool automations and business process automation
- Connecting APIs without writing extensive code
- Rapid prototyping of automation workflows
- Need human-in-the-loop approval workflows
DON'T USE when:
- Orchestrating complex data pipelines with dependencies (use Airflow)
- CI/CD pipelines tightly coupled with git (use GitHub Actions)
- Need sub-second latency requirements (use direct API calls)
- Processing massive datasets (use dedicated ETL tools)
- Require enterprise audit compliance out-of-box (evaluate requirements)
- Simple single-trigger cron jobs (use systemd timers)
Prerequisites
Installation Options
Option 1: npm (Development)
# Install globally
npm install n8n -g
# Start n8n
n8n start
# Access UI at http://localhost:5678
Option 2: Docker (Recommended)
# Quick start with Docker
docker run -it --rm \
--name n8n \
-p 5678:5678 \
-v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
n8nio/n8n
# Access UI at http://localhost:5678
Option 3: Docker Compose (Production)
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
n8n:
image: n8nio/n8n:latest
restart: always
ports:
- "5678:5678"
environment:
- N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true
- N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin
- N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=${N8N_PASSWORD}
- N8N_HOST=n8n.example.com
- N8N_PORT=5678
- N8N_PROTOCOL=https
- WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.example.com/
- GENERIC_TIMEZONE=UTC
- TZ=UTC
- DB_TYPE=postgresdb
- DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST=postgres
- DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT=5432
- DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE=n8n
- DB_POSTGRESDB_USER=n8n
- DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
- N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
volumes:
- n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n
- ./custom-nodes:/home/node/.n8n/custom
depends_on:
- postgres
postgres:
image: postgres:15
restart: always
environment:
- POSTGRES_USER=n8n
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
- POSTGRES_DB=n8n
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U n8n"]
interval: 10s
timeout: 5s
retries: 5
volumes:
n8n_data:
postgres_data:
# Start with docker-compose
docker compose up -d
# View logs
docker compose logs -f n8n
Option 4: Kubernetes with Helm
# Add n8n Helm repo
helm repo add n8n https://n8n-io.github.io/n8n-helm
helm repo update
# Install n8n
helm install n8n n8n/n8n \
--namespace n8n \
--create-namespace \
--set ingress.enabled=true \
--set ingress.hosts[0].host=n8n.example.com
# Get initial admin password
kubectl get secret -n n8n n8n -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 --decode
Development Setup
# Clone for custom node development
git clone https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n.git
cd n8n
# Install dependencies
pnpm install
# Build
pnpm build
# Start development server
pnpm dev
Core Capabilities
1. Basic Workflow Structure
{
"name": "Basic Data Pipeline",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {},
"id": "start-node",
"name": "Start",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.start",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"url": "https://api.example.com/data",
"authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
"nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth",
"options": {
"response": {
"response": {
"responseFormat": "json"
}
}
}
},
"id": "http-request",
"name": "Fetch Data",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"typeVersion": 4.1,
"position": [460, 300],
"credentials": {
"httpHeaderAuth": {
"id": "1",
"name": "API Key"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"mode": "runOnceForEachItem",
"jsCode": "// Transform each item\nconst item = $input.item.json;\n\nreturn {\n id: item.id,\n name: item.name.toUpperCase(),\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString(),\n source: 'n8n-pipeline'\n};"
},
"id": "transform",
"name": "Transform Data",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"resource": "row",
"operation": "create",
"tableId": "={{ $env.AIRTABLE_TABLE_ID }}",
"options": {}
},
"id": "airtable",
"name": "Save to Airtable",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.airtable",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [900, 300],
"credentials": {
"airtableTokenApi": {
"id": "2",
"name": "Airtable Token"
}
}
}
],
"connections": {
"Start": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Fetch Data", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Fetch Data": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Transform Data", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Transform Data": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Save to Airtable", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
},
"settings": {
"executionOrder": "v1"
}
}
2. Webhook Triggers
{
"name": "Webhook Handler",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"path": "incoming-webhook",
"responseMode": "responseNode",
"options": {
"rawBody": true
}
},
"id": "webhook",
"name": "Webhook",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300],
"webhookId": "unique-webhook-id"
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.event_type }}",
"operation": "equals",
"value2": "payment.completed"
}
]
}
},
"id": "filter",
"name": "Filter Payment Events",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.filter",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [460, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"jsCode": "// Validate webhook signature\nconst crypto = require('crypto');\n\nconst payload = $input.item.json;\nconst signature = $input.item.headers['x-signature'];\nconst secret = $env.WEBHOOK_SECRET;\n\nconst expectedSignature = crypto\n .createHmac('sha256', secret)\n .update(JSON.stringify(payload))\n .digest('hex');\n\nif (signature !== expectedSignature) {\n throw new Error('Invalid webhook signature');\n}\n\nreturn {\n ...payload,\n validated: true,\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n};"
},
"id": "validate",
"name": "Validate Signature",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"channel": "#payments",
"text": "=Payment received!\n\nAmount: ${{ $json.amount }}\nCustomer: {{ $json.customer_email }}\nTransaction ID: {{ $json.transaction_id }}",
"otherOptions": {}
},
"id": "slack",
"name": "Notify Slack",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [900, 300],
"credentials": {
"slackApi": {
"id": "3",
"name": "Slack Bot"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"respondWith": "json",
"responseBody": "={{ JSON.stringify({ status: 'processed', id: $json.transaction_id }) }}"
},
"id": "respond",
"name": "Respond to Webhook",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [1120, 300]
}
],
"connections": {
"Webhook": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Filter Payment Events", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Filter Payment Events": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Validate Signature", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Validate Signature": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Notify Slack", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Notify Slack": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Respond to Webhook", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
3. Scheduled Workflows
{
"name": "Daily Report Generator",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"rule": {
"interval": [
{
"field": "cronExpression",
"expression": "0 9 * * 1-5"
}
]
}
},
"id": "schedule",
"name": "Daily Schedule",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"operation": "executeQuery",
"query": "SELECT \n DATE(created_at) as date,\n COUNT(*) as total_orders,\n SUM(amount) as revenue,\n AVG(amount) as avg_order_value\nFROM orders\nWHERE created_at >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '7 days'\nGROUP BY DATE(created_at)\nORDER BY date DESC",
"options": {}
},
"id": "postgres",
"name": "Query Sales Data",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.postgres",
"typeVersion": 2.3,
"position": [460, 300],
"credentials": {
"postgres": {
"id": "4",
"name": "Production DB"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"jsCode": "// Generate report summary\nconst data = $input.all();\n\nconst totalRevenue = data.reduce((sum, row) => sum + parseFloat(row.json.revenue), 0);\nconst totalOrders = data.reduce((sum, row) => sum + parseInt(row.json.total_orders), 0);\nconst avgOrderValue = totalRevenue / totalOrders;\n\nconst reportDate = new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0];\n\nreturn {\n report_date: reportDate,\n period: 'Last 7 Days',\n summary: {\n total_revenue: totalRevenue.toFixed(2),\n total_orders: totalOrders,\n avg_order_value: avgOrderValue.toFixed(2)\n },\n daily_breakdown: data.map(row => row.json)\n};"
},
"id": "transform",
"name": "Generate Report",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"sendTo": "team@example.com",
"subject": "=Weekly Sales Report - {{ $json.report_date }}",
"emailType": "html",
"html": "=<h1>Weekly Sales Report</h1>\n<p>Period: {{ $json.period }}</p>\n<h2>Summary</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Total Revenue: ${{ $json.summary.total_revenue }}</li>\n <li>Total Orders: {{ $json.summary.total_orders }}</li>\n <li>Average Order Value: ${{ $json.summary.avg_order_value }}</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Daily Breakdown</h2>\n<table border=\"1\">\n <tr><th>Date</th><th>Orders</th><th>Revenue</th></tr>\n {{ $json.daily_breakdown.map(d => `<tr><td>${d.date}</td><td>${d.total_orders}</td><td>$${d.revenue}</td></tr>`).join('') }}\n</table>",
"options": {}
},
"id": "email",
"name": "Send Report Email",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.emailSend",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [900, 300],
"credentials": {
"smtp": {
"id": "5",
"name": "SMTP Server"
}
}
}
],
"connections": {
"Daily Schedule": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Query Sales Data", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Query Sales Data": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Generate Report", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Generate Report": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Send Report Email", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
4. Conditional Branching and Error Handling
{
"name": "Order Processing with Error Handling",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"path": "process-order",
"responseMode": "responseNode"
},
"id": "webhook",
"name": "Order Webhook",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"options": {
"caseSensitive": true,
"leftValue": "",
"typeValidation": "strict"
},
"conditions": [
{
"id": "condition-1",
"leftValue": "={{ $json.order_total }}",
"rightValue": 1000,
"operator": {
"type": "number",
"operation": "gte"
}
}
],
"combinator": "and"
},
"options": {}
},
"id": "switch",
"name": "High Value Order?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [460, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"url": "https://api.payment.com/process",
"sendBody": true,
"bodyParameters": {
"parameters": [
{
"name": "order_id",
"value": "={{ $json.order_id }}"
},
{
"name": "amount",
"value": "={{ $json.order_total }}"
},
{
"name": "priority",
"value": "high"
}
]
},
"options": {}
},
"id": "high-value-payment",
"name": "Process High Value",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"typeVersion": 4.1,
"position": [680, 200],
"onError": "continueErrorOutput"
},
{
"parameters": {
"url": "https://api.payment.com/process",
"sendBody": true,
"bodyParameters": {
"parameters": [
{
"name": "order_id",
"value": "={{ $json.order_id }}"
},
{
"name": "amount",
"value": "={{ $json.order_total }}"
},
{
"name": "priority",
"value": "normal"
}
]
}
},
"id": "normal-payment",
"name": "Process Normal",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"typeVersion": 4.1,
"position": [680, 400],
"onError": "continueErrorOutput"
},
{
"parameters": {
"jsCode": "// Handle payment error\nconst error = $input.item.json;\n\nreturn {\n status: 'failed',\n error_message: error.message || 'Payment processing failed',\n order_id: $('Order Webhook').item.json.order_id,\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),\n retry_eligible: true\n};"
},
"id": "error-handler",
"name": "Handle Error",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [900, 500]
},
{
"parameters": {
"channel": "#alerts",
"text": "=Payment Failed!\n\nOrder ID: {{ $json.order_id }}\nError: {{ $json.error_message }}\nRetry Eligible: {{ $json.retry_eligible }}",
"otherOptions": {}
},
"id": "slack-alert",
"name": "Alert Team",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [1120, 500],
"credentials": {
"slackApi": {
"id": "3",
"name": "Slack Bot"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"mode": "combine",
"combineBy": "combineAll",
"options": {}
},
"id": "merge",
"name": "Merge Results",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.merge",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [900, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"respondWith": "json",
"responseBody": "={{ JSON.stringify({ status: 'processed', order_id: $json.order_id }) }}"
},
"id": "respond-success",
"name": "Success Response",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [1120, 300]
}
],
"connections": {
"Order Webhook": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "High Value Order?", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"High Value Order?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Process High Value", "type": "main", "index": 0 }],
[{ "node": "Process Normal", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Process High Value": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Merge Results", "type": "main", "index": 0 }],
[{ "node": "Handle Error", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Process Normal": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Merge Results", "type": "main", "index": 1 }],
[{ "node": "Handle Error", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Handle Error": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Alert Team", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Merge Results": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Success Response", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
5. Data Transformation with Code Node
// Code Node: Advanced Data Transformation
// Mode: Run Once for All Items
// Access all input items
const items = $input.all();
// Group items by category
const groupedByCategory = items.reduce((acc, item) => {
const category = item.json.category || 'uncategorized';
if (!acc[category]) {
acc[category] = [];
}
acc[category].push(item.json);
return acc;
}, {});
// Calculate statistics per category
const categoryStats = Object.entries(groupedByCategory).map(([category, items]) => {
const values = items.map(i => parseFloat(i.value) || 0);
return {
category,
count: items.length,
total: values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0),
average: values.length > 0 ? values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / values.length : 0,
min: Math.min(...values),
max: Math.max(...values),
items: items
};
});
// Sort by total value descending
categoryStats.sort((a, b) => b.total - a.total);
// Add metadata
const result = {
generated_at: new Date().toISOString(),
total_items: items.length,
total_categories: categoryStats.length,
categories: categoryStats
};
return result;
// Code Node: HTTP Request with Retry Logic
// Mode: Run Once for Each Item
const maxRetries = 3;
const baseDelay = 1000;
async function fetchWithRetry(url, options, attempt = 1) {
try {
const response = await fetch(url, options);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`);
}
return await response.json();
} catch (error) {
if (attempt >= maxRetries) {
throw error;
}
const delay = baseDelay * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1);
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
return fetchWithRetry(url, options, attempt + 1);
}
}
const item = $input.item.json;
try {
const result = await fetchWithRetry(
`https://api.example.com/process/${item.id}`,
{
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': `Bearer ${$env.API_TOKEN}`
},
body: JSON.stringify(item)
}
);
return {
...item,
api_response: result,
status: 'success'
};
} catch (error) {
return {
...item,
error: error.message,
status: 'failed'
};
}
6. Credentials Management
# Environment variables for n8n
export N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY="your-32-char-encryption-key-here"
export N8N_USER_MANAGEMENT_JWT_SECRET="your-jwt-secret"
# Database configuration
export DB_TYPE=postgresdb
export DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST=localhost
export DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT=5432
export DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE=n8n
export DB_POSTGRESDB_USER=n8n
export DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD=secure_password
# External service credentials (set in n8n UI)
# These are stored encrypted in the database
{
"name": "Using Credentials Securely",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.API_BASE_URL }}/users",
"authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
"nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth",
"sendHeaders": true,
"headerParameters": {
"parameters": [
{
"name": "X-Custom-Header",
"value": "={{ $env.CUSTOM_HEADER_VALUE }}"
}
]
}
},
"id": "http",
"name": "API Call",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"typeVersion": 4.1,
"position": [460, 300],
"credentials": {
"httpHeaderAuth": {
"id": "1",
"name": "API Key Auth"
}
}
}
]
}
7. Custom Node Development
// packages/nodes-custom/nodes/MyCustomNode/MyCustomNode.node.ts
import {
IExecuteFunctions,
INodeExecutionData,
INodeType,
INodeTypeDescription,
NodeOperationError,
} from 'n8n-workflow';
export class MyCustomNode implements INodeType {
description: INodeTypeDescription = {
displayName: 'My Custom Node',
name: 'myCustomNode',
icon: 'file:myicon.svg',
group: ['transform'],
version: 1,
subtitle: '={{$parameter["operation"]}}',
description: 'Custom node for specific business logic',
defaults: {
name: 'My Custom Node',
},
inputs: ['main'],
outputs: ['main'],
credentials: [
{
name: 'myCustomApi',
required: true,
},
],
properties: [
{
displayName: 'Operation',
name: 'operation',
type: 'options',
noDataExpression: true,
options: [
{
name: 'Process',
value: 'process',
description: 'Process data through custom logic',
},
{
name: 'Validate',
value: 'validate',
description: 'Validate data against rules',
},
],
default: 'process',
},
{
displayName: 'Input Field',
name: 'inputField',
type: 'string',
default: 'data',
required: true,
description: 'Field to process',
},
{
displayName: 'Options',
name: 'options',
type: 'collection',
placeholder: 'Add Option',
default: {},
options: [
{
displayName: 'Strict Mode',
name: 'strictMode',
type: 'boolean',
default: false,
description: 'Enable strict validation',
},
{
displayName: 'Output Format',
name: 'outputFormat',
type: 'options',
options: [
{ name: 'JSON', value: 'json' },
{ name: 'Array', value: 'array' },
],
default: 'json',
},
],
},
],
};
async execute(this: IExecuteFunctions): Promise<INodeExecutionData[][]> {
const items = this.getInputData();
const returnData: INodeExecutionData[] = [];
const operation = this.getNodeParameter('operation', 0) as string;
const inputField = this.getNodeParameter('inputField', 0) as string;
const options = this.getNodeParameter('options', 0, {}) as {
strictMode?: boolean;
outputFormat?: string;
};
// Get credentials
const credentials = await this.getCredentials('myCustomApi');
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
try {
const item = items[i].json;
const inputData = item[inputField];
if (!inputData && options.strictMode) {
throw new NodeOperationError(
this.getNode(),
`Field "${inputField}" not found in item ${i}`,
{ itemIndex: i }
);
}
let result: any;
if (operation === 'process') {
result = await this.processData(inputData, credentials);
} else if (operation === 'validate') {
result = this.validateData(inputData, options.strictMode);
}
returnData.push({
json: {
...item,
processed: result,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
},
});
} catch (error) {
if (this.continueOnFail()) {
returnData.push({
json: {
error: (error as Error).message,
itemIndex: i,
},
});
continue;
}
throw error;
}
}
return [returnData];
}
private async processData(data: any, credentials: any): Promise<any> {
// Custom processing logic
return {
original: data,
processed: true,
api_key_length: credentials.apiKey?.length || 0,
};
}
private validateData(data: any, strict: boolean): any {
const isValid = data !== null && data !== undefined;
return {
valid: isValid,
strict_mode: strict,
type: typeof data,
};
}
}
// packages/nodes-custom/credentials/MyCustomApi.credentials.ts
import {
ICredentialType,
INodeProperties,
} from 'n8n-workflow';
export class MyCustomApi implements ICredentialType {
name = 'myCustomApi';
displayName = 'My Custom API';
documentationUrl = 'https://docs.example.com/api';
properties: INodeProperties[] = [
{
displayName: 'API Key',
name: 'apiKey',
type: 'string',
typeOptions: {
password: true,
},
default: '',
required: true,
},
{
displayName: 'Base URL',
name: 'baseUrl',
type: 'string',
default: 'https://api.example.com',
},
{
displayName: 'Environment',
name: 'environment',
type: 'options',
options: [
{ name: 'Production', value: 'production' },
{ name: 'Staging', value: 'staging' },
{ name: 'Development', value: 'development' },
],
default: 'production',
},
];
}
8. Workflow Templates and Subworkflows
{
"name": "Main Orchestrator Workflow",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"path": "orchestrate",
"responseMode": "lastNode"
},
"id": "webhook",
"name": "Start",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"workflowId": "={{ $env.DATA_VALIDATION_WORKFLOW_ID }}",
"workflowInputs": {
"mappingMode": "defineBelow",
"value": {
"data": "={{ $json.payload }}",
"rules": "={{ $json.validation_rules }}"
}
}
},
"id": "validate",
"name": "Run Validation Workflow",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [460, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"boolean": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.is_valid }}",
"value2": true
}
]
}
},
"id": "check-valid",
"name": "Is Valid?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"workflowId": "={{ $env.PROCESSING_WORKFLOW_ID }}",
"workflowInputs": {
"mappingMode": "defineBelow",
"value": {
"validated_data": "={{ $json.data }}"
}
}
},
"id": "process",
"name": "Run Processing Workflow",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [900, 200]
},
{
"parameters": {
"workflowId": "={{ $env.ERROR_HANDLER_WORKFLOW_ID }}",
"workflowInputs": {
"mappingMode": "defineBelow",
"value": {
"error_data": "={{ $json }}",
"source": "orchestrator"
}
}
},
"id": "error-workflow",
"name": "Run Error Handler",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [900, 400]
}
],
"connections": {
"Start": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Run Validation Workflow", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Run Validation Workflow": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Is Valid?", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Is Valid?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Run Processing Workflow", "type": "main", "index": 0 }],
[{ "node": "Run Error Handler", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
Integration Examples
Integration with Slack, Google Sheets, and Email
{
"name": "Multi-Channel Notification System",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"path": "notify",
"responseMode": "responseNode"
},
"id": "webhook",
"name": "Incoming Notification",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"jsCode": "// Determine notification channels\nconst payload = $input.item.json;\n\nconst channels = [];\n\n// Add channels based on priority\nif (payload.priority === 'high' || payload.priority === 'critical') {\n channels.push('slack');\n channels.push('email');\n}\n\nif (payload.log_to_sheet) {\n channels.push('sheets');\n}\n\nif (channels.length === 0) {\n channels.push('slack'); // Default\n}\n\nreturn {\n ...payload,\n channels,\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n};"
},
"id": "router",
"name": "Route Notification",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [460, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}",
"operation": "contains",
"value2": "slack"
}
]
}
},
"id": "slack-filter",
"name": "Send to Slack?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.filter",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 200]
},
{
"parameters": {
"channel": "={{ $json.priority === 'critical' ? '#critical-alerts' : '#notifications' }}",
"text": "=*{{ $json.title }}*\n\n{{ $json.message }}\n\nPriority: {{ $json.priority }}\nSource: {{ $json.source }}",
"attachments": [],
"otherOptions": {}
},
"id": "slack",
"name": "Post to Slack",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [900, 200],
"credentials": {
"slackApi": {
"id": "3",
"name": "Slack Bot"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}",
"operation": "contains",
"value2": "email"
}
]
}
},
"id": "email-filter",
"name": "Send Email?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.filter",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"sendTo": "={{ $json.recipient_email || 'team@example.com' }}",
"subject": "=[{{ $json.priority.toUpperCase() }}] {{ $json.title }}",
"emailType": "html",
"html": "=<h2>{{ $json.title }}</h2>\n<p>{{ $json.message }}</p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>Priority:</strong> {{ $json.priority }}</p>\n<p><strong>Source:</strong> {{ $json.source }}</p>\n<p><strong>Time:</strong> {{ $json.processed_at }}</p>"
},
"id": "email",
"name": "Send Email",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.emailSend",
"typeVersion": 2.1,
"position": [900, 300],
"credentials": {
"smtp": {
"id": "5",
"name": "SMTP"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}",
"operation": "contains",
"value2": "sheets"
}
]
}
},
"id": "sheets-filter",
"name": "Log to Sheets?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.filter",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 400]
},
{
"parameters": {
"operation": "append",
"documentId": {
"__rl": true,
"value": "={{ $env.GOOGLE_SHEET_ID }}",
"mode": "id"
},
"sheetName": {
"__rl": true,
"value": "Notifications",
"mode": "list"
},
"columns": {
"mappingMode": "defineBelow",
"value": {
"Timestamp": "={{ $json.processed_at }}",
"Title": "={{ $json.title }}",
"Message": "={{ $json.message }}",
"Priority": "={{ $json.priority }}",
"Source": "={{ $json.source }}"
}
}
},
"id": "sheets",
"name": "Log to Google Sheets",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleSheets",
"typeVersion": 4.1,
"position": [900, 400],
"credentials": {
"googleSheetsOAuth2Api": {
"id": "6",
"name": "Google Sheets"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"respondWith": "json",
"responseBody": "={{ JSON.stringify({ success: true, channels: $json.channels }) }}"
},
"id": "respond",
"name": "Respond",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [1120, 300]
}
],
"connections": {
"Incoming Notification": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Route Notification", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Route Notification": {
"main": [
[
{ "node": "Send to Slack?", "type": "main", "index": 0 },
{ "node": "Send Email?", "type": "main", "index": 0 },
{ "node": "Log to Sheets?", "type": "main", "index": 0 }
]
]
},
"Send to Slack?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Post to Slack", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Send Email?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Send Email", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Log to Sheets?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Log to Google Sheets", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Post to Slack": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Respond", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Send Email": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Respond", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Log to Google Sheets": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Respond", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
Integration with GitHub and Jira
{
"name": "GitHub to Jira Sync",
"nodes": [
{
"parameters": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"path": "github-webhook",
"options": {}
},
"id": "github-webhook",
"name": "GitHub Webhook",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"typeVersion": 1.1,
"position": [240, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.action }}",
"operation": "equals",
"value2": "opened"
}
]
}
},
"id": "filter-opened",
"name": "Is New Issue?",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.filter",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [460, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"jsCode": "// Map GitHub issue to Jira format\nconst issue = $input.item.json.issue;\n\n// Map labels to Jira priority\nconst labels = issue.labels.map(l => l.name);\nlet priority = 'Medium';\nif (labels.includes('critical') || labels.includes('urgent')) {\n priority = 'Highest';\n} else if (labels.includes('high')) {\n priority = 'High';\n} else if (labels.includes('low')) {\n priority = 'Low';\n}\n\n// Map to Jira issue type\nlet issueType = 'Task';\nif (labels.includes('bug')) {\n issueType = 'Bug';\n} else if (labels.includes('feature')) {\n issueType = 'Story';\n}\n\nreturn {\n summary: `[GitHub] ${issue.title}`,\n description: `${issue.body}\\n\\n---\\nGitHub Issue: ${issue.html_url}\\nCreated by: ${issue.user.login}`,\n priority: priority,\n issueType: issueType,\n labels: labels.filter(l => !['bug', 'feature', 'critical', 'urgent', 'high', 'low'].includes(l)),\n github_issue_number: issue.number,\n github_repo: $input.item.json.repository.full_name\n};"
},
"id": "map-to-jira",
"name": "Map to Jira Format",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
"typeVersion": 2,
"position": [680, 300]
},
{
"parameters": {
"resource": "issue",
"operation": "create",
"project": "={{ $env.JIRA_PROJECT_KEY }}",
"issueType": "={{ $json.issueType }}",
"summary": "={{ $json.summary }}",
"additionalFields": {
"description": "={{ $json.description }}",
"priority": "={{ $json.priority }}",
"labels": "={{ $json.labels }}"
}
},
"id": "create-jira",
"name": "Create Jira Issue",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.jira",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [900, 300],
"credentials": {
"jiraSoftwareCloudApi": {
"id": "7",
"name": "Jira"
}
}
},
{
"parameters": {
"owner": "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_repo.split('/')[0] }}",
"repository": "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_repo.split('/')[1] }}",
"issueNumber": "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_issue_number }}",
"body": "=Jira issue created: {{ $json.key }}\n\nLink: {{ $env.JIRA_BASE_URL }}/browse/{{ $json.key }}"
},
"id": "comment-github",
"name": "Comment on GitHub",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.github",
"typeVersion": 1,
"position": [1120, 300],
"credentials": {
"githubApi": {
"id": "8",
"name": "GitHub"
}
}
}
],
"connections": {
"GitHub Webhook": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Is New Issue?", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Is New Issue?": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Map to Jira Format", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Map to Jira Format": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Create Jira Issue", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
},
"Create Jira Issue": {
"main": [
[{ "node": "Comment on GitHub", "type": "main", "index": 0 }]
]
}
}
}
Best Practices
1. Workflow Organization
workflows/
├── core/
│ ├── data-validation.json
│ ├── error-handler.json
│ └── notification-router.json
├── integrations/
│ ├── slack-bot.json
│ ├── github-sync.json
│ └── crm-sync.json
├── scheduled/
│ ├── daily-reports.json
│ └── weekly-cleanup.json
└── webhooks/
├── payment-processor.json
└── form-handler.json
2. Error Handling Patterns
// Always use try-catch in Code nodes
try {
const result = await riskyOperation();
return { success: true, data: result };
} catch (error) {
// Log error details
console.error('Operation failed:', error.message);
// Return structured error for downstream handling
return {
success: false,
error: error.message,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
retryable: error.code !== 'PERMANENT_FAILURE'
};
}
3. Security Best Practices
# Production environment variables
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY: "32-character-secure-key"
N8N_USER_MANAGEMENT_JWT_SECRET: "secure-jwt-secret"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE: "true"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER: "admin"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD: "${SECURE_PASSWORD}"
# Webhook security
WEBHOOK_URL: "https://n8n.example.com/"
N8N_WEBHOOK_TUNNEL_URL: "" # Disable tunnel in production
# Database encryption
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_ENABLED: "true"
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED: "true"
4. Performance Optimization
// Batch processing for large datasets
const BATCH_SIZE = 100;
const items = $input.all();
const results = [];
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
const batch = items.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE);
// Process batch
const batchResults = await Promise.all(
batch.map(item => processItem(item.json))
);
results.push(...batchResults);
// Optional: Add delay between batches to avoid rate limits
if (i + BATCH_SIZE < items.length) {
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
}
}
return results;
5. Testing Workflows
# Export workflow for version control
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/1" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key" \
-o workflow-backup.json
# Import workflow
curl -X POST "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d @workflow-backup.json
# Execute workflow via API
curl -X POST "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/1/activate" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key"
Troubleshooting
Common Issues
Issue: Webhook not receiving data
# Check webhook URL
curl -X POST https://n8n.example.com/webhook/your-path \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"test": true}'
# Verify workflow is active
# Check n8n logs
docker logs n8n-container 2>&1 | grep -i webhook
# Ensure WEBHOOK_URL is correctly set
echo $WEBHOOK_URL
Issue: Credentials not working
# Test credential manually
curl -X GET "https://api.example.com/test" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN"
# Check encryption key is set
# Credentials are encrypted - changing key breaks existing credentials
echo $N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY | wc -c # Should be 32+ characters
Issue: Workflow execution timeout
# Increase timeout in docker-compose
environment:
- EXECUTIONS_TIMEOUT=3600 # 1 hour
- EXECUTIONS_TIMEOUT_MAX=7200 # 2 hours max
Issue: Memory issues with large datasets
// Stream processing instead of loading all data
// Use pagination in HTTP Request nodes
const PAGE_SIZE = 100;
let page = 1;
let hasMore = true;
const allResults = [];
while (hasMore) {
const response = await $http.get(
`https://api.example.com/data?page=${page}&limit=${PAGE_SIZE}`
);
allResults.push(...response.data.items);
hasMore = response.data.has_more;
page++;
}
return allResults;
Debugging Tips
// Add debugging output in Code nodes
console.log('Input data:', JSON.stringify($input.all(), null, 2));
console.log('Environment:', $env.NODE_ENV);
console.log('Workflow:', $workflow.name);
// Check execution context
console.log('Execution ID:', $execution.id);
console.log('Execution mode:', $execution.mode);
// Inspect previous node output
const previousOutput = $('Previous Node Name').all();
console.log('Previous output:', previousOutput);
# View execution logs
docker logs -f n8n-container 2>&1 | grep -E "(error|warn|execution)"
# Check database for failed executions
docker exec -it postgres psql -U n8n -d n8n -c \
"SELECT id, status, started_at FROM execution_entity WHERE status = 'error' ORDER BY started_at DESC LIMIT 10;"
Version History
| Version | Date | Changes |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 | 2026-01-17 | Initial release with comprehensive workflow patterns |
Resources
- n8n Documentation
- n8n Community
- n8n Workflow Templates
- n8n GitHub Repository
- Custom Node Development
- n8n API Reference
This skill provides production-ready patterns for n8n workflow automation, tested across enterprise integration scenarios handling thousands of daily executions.
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