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name: error-states description: Error handling patterns for Astro sites. 404/500 pages, form errors, offline states, loading failures. Use for graceful degradation and user experience.

Error States Skill

Purpose

Provides error handling patterns that maintain trust and guide users when things go wrong. Includes custom error pages, form validation states, loading indicators, offline fallbacks, and network error handling.

Core Rules

1. Never blame the user — "We couldn't find that" not "Invalid request"
2. Offer next steps — Always provide a way forward
3. Keep branding — Error pages should match site design
4. Be helpful — Search, popular links, contact info
5. Log errors — Track 404s to fix broken links
6. Accessible errors — Use ARIA labels and semantic HTML
7. Loading feedback — Show spinners for async operations
8. Network awareness — Handle offline states gracefully
9. User-friendly messages — Translate HTTP codes to plain language
10. Prevent error loops — Fail silently in error handlers

References

See the references/ directory for detailed implementations:

• error-pages.md — Custom 404 and 500 error pages with tracking
• form-errors.md — Inline field errors and error summary components
• loading-states.md — Loading spinners and offline fallback page
• empty-states.md — Empty state component with icons and actions
• network-handling.md — Safe fetch utility, toast notifications, error logging

Forbidden

• Technical jargon in error messages
• Blaming users for errors
• Generic "Something went wrong" with no next steps
• Error pages without navigation
• Silent failures (no feedback)
• Ignoring 404 tracking

Definition of Done

• Custom 404 page with search and links
• Custom 500 page with recovery options
• Form validation with inline errors
• Loading states for async operations
• Offline fallback page
• Empty states for lists/search
• Toast notifications for actions
• Error logging in production
• All error pages match site branding