---

name: react-nextjs-patterns description: Best practices for React 19 and Next.js 16 App Router. Use when creating components, hooks, or pages. Enforces server-first rendering, proper client boundaries, and modern React patterns.

React 19 & Next.js 16 Best Practices

This skill enforces modern React and Next.js patterns for this project. Follow these guidelines to ensure optimal performance, proper server/client boundaries, and idiomatic code.

---

🎯 Core Principles

1. Server-First: Default to Server Components
2. Minimal Client: Add "use client" only at leaf components
3. No Legacy Patterns: Use App Router conventions, not Pages Router
4. Modern React: Use React 19 features (use hook, actions, etc.)

---

📦 Server Components (Default)

✅ When to Use Server Components

• Data fetching
• Accessing backend resources
• Rendering static content
• SEO-critical content
• Any component that doesn't need:
  • useState
  • useEffect
  • Browser APIs
  • Event handlers (onClick, onChange, etc.)

Example: Server Component (Default)

Copy// app/[place]/page.tsx - Server Component by default
import { fetchEvents } from "@lib/api/events";
import { EventList } from "@components/ui/events/EventList";

export default async function PlacePage({
  params,
}: {
  params: { place: string };
}) {
  const events = await fetchEvents({ place: params.place });

  return (
    <main>
      <h1 className="heading-1">{params.place}</h1>
      <EventList events={events} />
    </main>
  );
}

Key Points:

• No "use client" directive
• Can use async/await directly
• Data fetching at component level
• Pass data down to children

---

🖥️ Client Components (Minimal)

✅ When to Add "use client"

ONLY add "use client" when you need:

• useState, useReducer
• useEffect, useLayoutEffect
• Browser APIs (window, document, localStorage)
• Event handlers (onClick, onChange, onSubmit)
• Third-party libraries that require client-side

✅ Pattern: Small Client Boundaries

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Large client component
"use client";

export function EventPage({ events }) {
  const [filter, setFilter] = useState("all");

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Events</h1> {/* Could be server-rendered */}
      <p>Description...</p> {/* Could be server-rendered */}
      <FilterSelect value={filter} onChange={setFilter} /> {/* Needs client */}
      <EventList events={events} filter={filter} /> {/* Could be partially server */}
    </div>
  );
}

Copy// ✅ CORRECT: Small client boundary at leaf
// components/ui/filters/FilterSelect.tsx
"use client";

import type { FilterSelectProps } from "types/props";

export function FilterSelect({ value, onChange }: FilterSelectProps) {
  return (
    <select value={value} onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}>
      <option value="all">All</option>
      <option value="free">Free</option>
    </select>
  );
}

// app/[place]/page.tsx - Server Component
import { FilterSelect } from "@components/ui/filters/FilterSelect";

export default async function PlacePage() {
  const events = await fetchEvents();

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Events</h1> {/* Server-rendered */}
      <p>Description...</p> {/* Server-rendered */}
      <FilterSelect /> {/* Client island */}
      <EventList events={events} /> {/* Server-rendered */}
    </div>
  );
}

---

🔗 Link Component (i18n)

⚠️ CRITICAL: Always Use i18n Link

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Using next/link directly
import Link from "next/link";

<Link href="/barcelona">Barcelona</Link>; // Loses locale!

// ✅ CORRECT: Using i18n routing Link
import { Link } from "@i18n/routing";

<Link href="/barcelona">Barcelona</Link>; // Auto locale handling

ESLint warns on import Link from 'next/link' - use @i18n/routing instead.

---

🪝 Hooks Best Practices

useRef vs useState for Flags

Copy// ❌ WRONG: useState for tracking flags (causes re-render)
const [hasTracked, setHasTracked] = useState(false);

useEffect(() => {
  if (!hasTracked) {
    trackAnalytics();
    setHasTracked(true); // Causes unnecessary re-render!
  }
}, [hasTracked]);

// ✅ CORRECT: useRef for tracking flags (no re-render)
const hasTracked = useRef(false);

useEffect(() => {
  if (!hasTracked.current) {
    trackAnalytics();
    hasTracked.current = true; // No re-render
  }
}, []); // Refs don't need to be in dependencies

Dependency Arrays

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Missing dependencies
useEffect(() => {
  fetchData(userId); // userId missing from deps!
}, []);

// ✅ CORRECT: Complete dependencies
useEffect(() => {
  fetchData(userId);
}, [userId]);

// ✅ CORRECT: Refs don't need to be in deps
const isMounted = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
  if (isMounted.current) {
    fetchData();
  }
}, []); // isMounted is stable, not needed in deps

Memoization (Don't Over-Optimize)

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Premature optimization
const formattedDate = useMemo(() => date.toLocaleDateString(), [date]);

// ✅ CORRECT: Only memoize expensive computations
const sortedEvents = useMemo(
  () => events.sort((a, b) => new Date(a.date) - new Date(b.date)),
  [events]
);

// ✅ CORRECT: useCallback for callbacks passed to children
const handleClick = useCallback(() => {
  setCount((c) => c + 1);
}, []); // Stable reference for memoized children

---

🚫 Forbidden Patterns

❌ No next/dynamic with ssr: false in Server Components

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Dynamic import in Server Component
import dynamic from "next/dynamic";

const ClientComponent = dynamic(() => import("./ClientComponent"), {
  ssr: false,
});

export default function ServerPage() {
  return <ClientComponent />; // ERROR!
}

// ✅ CORRECT: Import client component directly
import { ClientComponent } from "./ClientComponent"; // Has "use client"

export default function ServerPage() {
  return <ClientComponent />; // Works!
}

❌ No Reading searchParams in Listing Pages

Copy// ❌ WRONG: Reading searchParams makes page dynamic ($300 cost spike!)
export default function PlacePage({
  params,
  searchParams, // FORBIDDEN in app/[place]/*
}: {
  params: { place: string };
  searchParams: { search?: string };
}) {
  const events = await fetchEvents({ search: searchParams.search });
  // Creates DynamoDB entry for EVERY unique URL+query!
}

// ✅ CORRECT: Handle query params client-side with SWR
// app/[place]/page.tsx (Server Component)
export default async function PlacePage({
  params,
}: {
  params: { place: string };
}) {
  const events = await fetchEvents({ place: params.place }); // Static (ISR)
  return <EventsPageClient initialEvents={events} />;
}

// components/EventsPageClient.tsx
("use client");

export function EventsPageClient({ initialEvents }) {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams();
  const { data } = useSWR(
    `/api/events?search=${searchParams.get("search") || ""}`,
    fetcher
  );
  return <EventList events={data || initialEvents} />;
}

❌ No Legacy Pages Router Patterns

Copy// ❌ WRONG: getServerSideProps (Pages Router)
export async function getServerSideProps() {
  const events = await fetchEvents();
  return { props: { events } };
}

// ✅ CORRECT: Direct data fetching (App Router)
export default async function Page() {
  const events = await fetchEvents();
  return <EventList events={events} />;
}

---

📝 Component Structure Template

Copy// components/ui/feature/MyComponent.tsx

// 1. Client directive FIRST (only if needed - must be before any imports)
"use client";

// 2. Imports (grouped)
import type { MyComponentProps } from "types/props";
import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
import { Link } from "@i18n/routing";
import { formatDate } from "@utils/date-helpers";

// 3. Component
export function MyComponent({ title, items, onSelect }: MyComponentProps) {
  // 4. State/hooks at top
  const [selected, setSelected] = useState<string | null>(null);

  // 5. Callbacks (memoized if passed to children)
  const handleSelect = useCallback(
    (id: string) => {
      setSelected(id);
      onSelect?.(id);
    },
    [onSelect]
  );

  // 6. Early returns for edge cases
  if (items.length === 0) {
    return <p className="body-normal text-foreground/60">No items</p>;
  }

  // 7. Main render
  return (
    <div className="card-bordered">
      <h2 className="heading-3">{title}</h2>
      <ul className="stack">
        {items.map((item) => (
          <li key={item.id}>
            <button onClick={() => handleSelect(item.id)}>{item.name}</button>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}

---

🔄 Data Fetching Patterns

Server Component (Recommended)

Copy// Direct async/await in component
export default async function EventsPage() {
  const events = await fetchEvents(); // Server-side
  return <EventList events={events} />;
}

Client Component with SWR

Copy"use client";

import useSWR from "swr";
import { getInternalApiUrl } from "@utils/api-helpers";

export function EventsFeed({ place }: { place: string }) {
  const { data, error, isLoading } = useSWR(
    getInternalApiUrl("/api/events", { place }),
    fetcher
  );

  if (isLoading) return <Skeleton />;
  if (error) return <ErrorMessage />;

  return <EventList events={data?.content || []} />;
}

Hybrid Pattern (SSR + Client Enhancement)

Copy// Server Component fetches initial data
export default async function PlacePage({ params }) {
  const events = await fetchEvents({ place: params.place });

  return (
    <>
      {/* Static SSR list */}
      <EventList events={events} />

      {/* Client enhancement for infinite scroll */}
      <ClientInfiniteScroll initialEvents={events} place={params.place} />
    </>
  );
}

---

✅ Checklist Before Committing

• Server Components by default (no "use client" unless necessary)
• Client boundaries at smallest possible scope
• Using Link from @i18n/routing (not next/link)
• No searchParams in app/[place]/* pages
• useRef for tracking flags (not useState)
• Complete dependency arrays in hooks
• No premature memoization
• Props types in types/props.ts
• Following design system classes (see design-system-conventions skill)

---

🆕 React 19 Features (Use When Appropriate)

use Hook (Suspense Integration)

Copyimport { use } from "react";

function EventDetails({ eventPromise }) {
  const event = use(eventPromise); // Suspends until resolved
  return <h1>{event.title}</h1>;
}

Server Actions

Copy// actions.ts
"use server";

export async function createEvent(formData: FormData) {
  const title = formData.get("title");
  await db.events.create({ title });
  revalidatePath("/events");
}

// component
<form action={createEvent}>
  <input name="title" />
  <button type="submit">Create</button>
</form>;

---

Remember: Server-first, minimal client boundaries, modern patterns.

Last Updated: January 15, 2026